The Oregon Grape Plant and the Potential Uses of Berberine The slightly fragrant flowers are the state flower of Oregon. Some plants, like thistle, hold on to seeds that birds fit into their diet. One of the primary herbs to stimulate liver deficiency is Oregon Grape. Although edible, the plants contain berberine, a compound found in many Berberis and Mahonia species, which can cause vomiting, lowered blood pressure, reduced heart rate, lethargy, and other ill effects when consumed in large quantities. Are mahonia berries edible? The berries are edible, and rich in vitamin C, though with a very sharp flavor. Botanical Names are Berberis aquifolium and Mahonia aquifolium. How To Grow and Care Click to read more on it. Unlike many trees shrubs respond … Genus name comes from the Latinized form of the Arabian name for the fruit. Flowers are … Oregon Grape After flowering, it produces purplish-black berries. The ripe and abundant fruit from mahonia is tasty but sharp and needs sweetening. The roots have the strongest medicinal strength. After flowering, it produces purplish-black berries. Thornless. Types of Mahonia Aquifolium: Berberidaceae. aquifolium The inner bark and roots of Oregon grape contain a bright yellow chemical called berberine. Low Oregon Grape The Barberry Family–Berberidaceae Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Grows 3 feet tall and 312 feet wide with soft textured, narrow, bamboo-like foliage. It is called “dull” because its leaves are not as shiny as Tall Oregon […] Hybrids between Mahonia lomariifolia and Mahonia japonica. In spring, racemes of cheerful, bright golden-yellow flowers appear just above the leaves. Favorite of birds and jelly-makers alike, Mahonia aquifoIium bears blue-black berries that inspired its common name, Oregon grape holly. It's shiny, but the leaf pattern is all wrong for it to be poison oak. Plants with berries full of good fat provide necessary nutrients, too. Rarely does nature offer us plants that are so well suited to a variety of conditions. Mahonia aquifolium, the Oregon Hollygrape or Holly Barberry, has berries that are used in pies, jellies, jams, beverages and confections.Fermented they make a good wine. Noun 1. Widely used medicinally, the edible Oregon grape berries can also be made into jams and other recipes. Mahonia aquifolium 'Compacta OREGON GRAPE (MAHONIA AQUIFOLIUM): Mahonia is suited to dry, atrophic conditions (rough, dry, scaly skin) when the anabolic function of the liver and the secretory aspect of digestion are compromised. Berberis (Mahonia) aquifolium -Tall Oregon grape Find the perfect plants with spiky leaves stock photo. Can birds eat cotoneaster berries? Best in part to full shade. Plants With Spiky Leaves Stock Synonyms Berberis aquifolium Pursh Berberis aquifolium var. The type species of the genus is Mahonia aquifolium, (Oregon grape) from the Pacific coast of North America. Mahonia is a genus of approximately 70 species of evergreen shrubs and, rarely, small trees in the family Berberidaceae, native to eastern Asia, the Himalaya, North and Central America. Bright yellow flowers in winter, followed by dark blue berries. Directions. Mahonia aquifolium 'Compacta'. Low Oregon Grape The Barberry Family–Berberidaceae Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Mahonia aquifolium 'Compactum' - compact and slower-growing form to 3' tall. 1 cup Mahonia berries, washed and picked over. M. nervosacontain alkaloid compounds including berberine which has been used for medicinal uses supporting immune health and strong antibacterial properties. The RHS Award of Garden Merit (AGM) helps gardeners choose the best plants for their garden. There are many species of holly (Ilex ssp.) An evergreen shrub reaching a height of 6 ft, but as commonly seen usually 2 to 3 ft high. Berberis Aquifolium 43--176 Category: Berries HPUS:Acne Tall Oregon Grape, Mountain Grape, Berberis Aquifoleum, Berb Aqui, Mahonia aquifolium. It is called “dull” because its leaves are not as shiny as Tall Oregon […] Mahonia aquifolium ‘ Apollo ’ is great for low-maintenance groundcover in smaller gardens. Berberis aquifolium flowers in spring. May 30, 2015. Some authors place Mahonia in the barberry genus, Berberis. The Oregon-grape is not related to true grapes, but gets its name from the purple clusters of berries whose color and slightly dusted appearance are reminiscent of grapes. The yellow flowers are eaten or used to make a lemon-ade like drink. RHS Plants for Pollinators plants. [51] Coklar H, Akbulut M. Anthocyanins and phenolic compounds of Mahonia aquifolium berries and their contributions to antioxidant activity. Oregon Grape is the state flower of Oregon, best known for its production of blue-black berries which somewhat resemble clusters of grapes. Plants bear upright clusters of fragrant flowers in late fall and winter; generally resemble Mahonia oiwakensislomariifolia and require the same conditions. Widely used medicinally, the edible Oregon grape berries can also be made into jams and other recipes. Oregon grape has a few native relatives growing in the high plains, canyons, and mountains of north central Arizona. Hedgerow Type. The festive season means holly – an easy-to-grow shrub, but it often depends on a male and female being planted near each other to bear … The slightly fragrant flowers are the state flower of Oregon. A common member of the Barberry family that can now be found in parks, gardens and some woodland. (LA County Fire approved) • Mahonia, Aquifolium and all subspecies. However, growing holly plants in zone 5 is possible if you select … May 30, 2015. They turn purplish-bronze in the winter. Oregon grape holly (Mahonia aquifolium) is a handsome, 3 to 6 foot (1-2 m.) ornamental shrub that can play a number of roles in the garden. "Mahonia aquifolium, the Oregon Grape, is a native of western North America. Tall Oregon Grape is a broad-leaf evergreen shrub. It is naturalized in some places in Europe and is widely cultivated in parks and gardens. The Chinese holly (I. cornuta) can produce without males, … Berberis aquifolium var. The aims of this study were to determine the changes in non-anthocyanin phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of Mahonia aquifolium fruit throughout ripening and to determine the biosynthetic pathway of … frost-covered oregon grape shrubs (mahonia aquifolium) in spring near mt. juglandifolia Rehder Berberis fascicularis Sims Berberis fasciculata Schult… Mahonia aquifolium flowering in spring Mahonia is an easy-to-grow evergreen shrub with spiny-toothed leaves and spiky clusters of bright yellow flowers. The … It can be found as far north as SE Alaska and eastern Alberta to central New Mexico. Do not take if pregnant, breastfeeding or if you have a history of diabetes, stroke, hypertension or glaucoma. Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon grape or holly-leaved berberry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native to western North America. Zones: 6-9 In spring, racemes of cheerful, bright golden-yellow flowers appear just above the leaves. More winter-flowering plants: Some people identify poison oak by its red color in autumn. Many botanists prefer to classify Mahonia as a part of Berberis because several … They are followed by clusters of edible berries that are not particularly tasty when eaten fresh, but can be used to make jellies and preserves. The berries used in this study were collected from Mahonia aquifolium shrubs planted in a garden at the Selcuk University Alaeddin Keykubat Campus in the middle of July 2015. Mahonia berries are only fully ripe when they’ve gone through a couple night’s worth of freezing. (Mahonia aquifolium) Zones 4-8. Young Blackbird, Turdus merula, feeding on ripe Mahonia aquifolium berries in a Cotswold garden, Painswick, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom. Oregon Grape is an evergreen shrub which can grow to a height of 7’-10’ and up to 5’ wide. The shrub’s appearance changes with the seasons. Synonymous with and formerly called Mahonia aquifolium. Common Names. They’re common in the pacific northwest ( range map ), where they’ve been used by native peoples as a food source for millennia. The type species of the genus is Mahonia aquifolium, (Oregon grape) from the Pacific coast of North America. Berberine and Sanguinarine both are … The English variety (I. aquifolium) is a popular holiday attraction, easily recognized by its glossy, dark green, spiny-edged foliage and bright red berries (found on female plants). Search from Mahonia Aquifolium stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. It is commonly used internally to detoxify the blood in an effort to cure skin problems, and occasionally it is used as a treatment for rheumatism. Berberis aquifolium is the state flower of Oregon. Harvesting mahonia berries. Oregon grape root is used almost exactly like other Berberis and goldenseal species, as an alterative (an agent that gradually changes a condition), antibiotic, diuretic, laxative, and tonic. Mahonia aquifolium 'Apollo' Mahonia fortunei is an upright shrub growing to 4 or 5ft with 8in long leaves which have up to 13 leaflets. Scientific Name. Several species are popular garden shrubs, grown for their ornamental, often spiny, evergreen foliage, yellow flowers in autumn, winter and early spring, and blue-black berries. Mahonia species produce vivid … All mahonia species have edible berries, but M. aquifolium is one of the best, & is the most heavily productive. Great texture for containers, Asian gardens, and as specimen. Mahonia aquifolium is a dense and bushy evergreen shrub with 20 cm long pinnate leaves each with up to 9 leaflets. We have many autumn & winter berries that the birds only eat sporadically because most cold-season berries are simply too tart to be a first choice of meal. Cool slightly and either put through a food mill or press through a sieve to remove the large seeds. Favorite of birds and jelly-makers alike, Mahonia aquifoIium bears blue-black berries that inspired its common name, Oregon grape holly. Size: To 3 feet tall and 5 feet wide. Several species are popular garden shrubs, grown for their ornamental, often spiny, evergreen foliage, yellow flowers in autumn, winter and early spring, and blue-black berries. Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) is a common landscape plant that somewhat resembles holly in its rich green color and spiny leaves.However, it is far more suitable for landscape use in the southwest than holly. Dyeing with Mahonia berries. Specific epithet means with leaves like holly. Sources: “Anthocyanins and phenolic compounds of Mahonia aquifolium berries and their contributions to antioxidant activity” by Hacer Coklar, Mehmet Akbulut, Department of Food Engineering, Selcuk University, Selcuklu 42031, Konya, Turkey, in Journal of Functional Foods 35 (2017) 166-174. It is widely used as an ornamental and has been reported as an escape from cultivation in scattered localities across the continent (Ontario, Quebec, central California, Michigan, and Nevada).. Berberis aquifolium is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis.. Medicinally, various root preparations of Berberis … Is Mahonia a holly? They are closely related to the genus Berberis and botanists disagree on whether to recognize a separate Mahonia. For a larger garden or to provide height at the back of a bed, decent sized shrubs (1.5-3m height and spread)&a;nbsp;can offer great structure and function. The berries are tart and contain seeds. Blue-green leaves are spiny (like a holly), turning to bronze-purple tones in the winter. Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon grape or holly-leaved berberry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native to western North America. It can be grown as a screening shrub up to about 3 metres high. Perhaps the best known of the Mahonias, this was also the first described in the genus. In early spring clusters of the lemon yellow flowers emerge from the central … (Ma-HOE-nee-uh nerv-OH-suh) Names: Low Oregon Grape is also called Cascade Oregon Grape, Cascade Barberry, Dull Oregon Grape, Dwarf Oregon Grape or Longleaf Mahonia. Use some under-ripe berries to get lots of pectin. An evergreen shrub up to 1 … Berries attract birds, especially in winter. Nervosa refers to the fan-like veins in its leaves. One of the great benefits of using medicinal herbal bitters is that they are liver supportive. Low temperatures transform chemical compounds in the fruit. Plant it with? M. aquifolium or Oregon grape is native to North America, from southern Alaska, and Canada, south to California and New Mexico.. The shrub can grow up to 4’ in height and 6’ in width and is evergreen. Here is a full article on harvesting mahonia berries, but, in a nutshell, the main facts are as follows: When to harvest your mahonia berries. Tall Oregon Grape The Barberry Family–Berberidaceae Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. • This plant will provide nectar and pollen for bees and the many other types of pollinating insects. Browse 55 mahonia aquifolium stock photos and images available, or search for oregon grape to find more great stock photos and pictures. Free for commercial use No attribution required High quality images. It was so popular that it’s widespread use almost led to its extinction in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. Mahonia aquifolium. AKA Berberis aquifolium Compacta. Read more. Accepted Unfortunately for us, the birds very much agree the grapes are tasty. Mahonia aquifolium Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Order: Ranunculales Family: Berberidaceae Genus: Mahonia Species: M. aquifolium Binomial name Mahonia aquifolium Nutt. Leatherleaf mahonia is an invasive evergreen shrub that can grow from 5 to 10 ft (1.5 to 3 m) tall. If sparrows leave the flowers alone – it’s the forms of Mahonia aquifolium that seem least troubled – blue-black berries develop to provide another season of colour. (Ma-HOE-nee-uh nerv-OH-suh) Names: Low Oregon Grape is also called Cascade Oregon Grape, Cascade Barberry, Dull Oregon Grape, Dwarf Oregon Grape or Longleaf Mahonia. It can reach three to four feet with leaves more grey-green than the others. Zones MS, LS, CS; USDA 7-9. repens - This slow-growing native evergreen shrub grows 1 to 3 feet tall and spreads slowly by underground runners to form wide drifts. Marvellous Mahonia aquifolium. Because of this feature they are often confused with holly. It produces clusters of small yellow flowers in spring that mature to spherical, blue, berry like fruits that are edible and tasty, though a touch tart. Name: Mahonia aquifolium. • The best solvent for extracting antioxidants from berries was methanol:water. Flowers are usually followed by blue-black, sometimes red, berry-like fruit. Alkaloids are produced by a large number of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Anodyne herbs dull the sense of pain. Oregon Grape Root/Mahonia aquifolium. (2) Berberis Aquifolium or Tall Oregon Grape , very similiar to b.nervosa only growing to heights in excess of 6 feet . Growing to a max height of 6′ tall and 5′ wide, Oregon grape will slowly spread by rhizome. A species of the genus Mahonia (Mahonia) of the Barberry family (Berberidaceae). the Verdugo Mountains, grows berries that are favored by many songbirds. Growing Conditions: Slightly acidic, well-drained, moist soil. Mahonia (Mahonia nervosa), also commonly known as Oregon Grape, is an abundant understory plant found throughout the coastal rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.It’s evergreen leaves arise from a central point with sharply-toothed holly-like leaflets set in pairs along stiff yellow stems. It is widely used as an ornamental and has been reported as an escape from cultivation in scattered localities across the continent (Ontario, Quebec, central California, Michigan, and Nevada).. Berberis aquifolium is resistant to infection by Puccinia graminis.. Medicinally, various root preparations of Berberis … The spiny leaves also add a protective cover. The common name isn’t entirely whimsical. The slow growth of these flowering bushes means that they take a few years to reach 3 ft. (1 m)—their maximum growing height. Large evergreen shrubs&a;nbsp;also offer screening and provide privacy.&a;nbsp; Deciduous shrubs offer practical opportunities to provide shade and shelter in gardens too small for trees. The flower is the State Flower of Oregon. Learn how to grow and forage Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium) — one of nature’s most useful medicinal plants! 'Charity' is a hybrid of M. japonica and M. lomariiflia which showed up around 1950 or '51 in a shipment of 100 M. japonica seedlings from Slieve Donnard Nursery of Northern Ireland. Oregon Grape-Holly Mahonia aquifolium. Sometimes fragrant, they attract pollinators before giving way to clusters of black or blue-purple berries which attract birds and wildlife. Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium) breaks out in brilliant yellow flowers in mid-winter that leave behind bunches of blue-black berries. J Funct Foods . Mahonia aquifolium, Oregon Grape, is a winter flowering evergreen plant that can be used as an informal hedge, although it isn't suitable for clipped, formal hedging.It will grow in any well drained soil and it tolerates shade. It's genus name was once Mahonia in honor of American horticulturist Bernard McMahon but was later reclassified in the Berberis (barberry) genus. They are sometimes consumed as jelly, wine. It can reach three to four feet with leaves more grey-green than the others. Mahonia aquifolium. Mahonia aquifolium ( Oregon-grape or Oregon grape) is a species of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native to western North America. It is an evergreen shrub growing to 1 m (3 ft) tall by 1.5 m (5 ft) wide, with pinnate leaves consisting of spiny leaflets, and dense clusters of yellow flowers in early... There are actually 3 species of Oregon Grape growing here . Mahonia aquifolium is knownby many different common names including Oregon grape, hollygrape or grapeholly. Mahonia Aquifolium Bushes. mahonia eurybracteata 'Soft Caress. The flowers are yellow and appear in large clusters. The leaves are glossy and shiny like a holly. The plant is also valued because it attracts butterflies, bees, and birds. Mahonia aquifolium is a member of the family Berberidaceae, which comprises 17 genera, with very diverse morphologies (Kim and Jansen, 1998).The genera Berberis and Mahonia are very closely related and their separation is much disputed; some authors have long thought Mahonia to be a subgenus of Berberis (McCain and Hennen, 1982).The genera Berberis and Mahonia are … (Mahonia aquifolium – photo by kind permission of Chrispook) M.confusa is another of the less hardy ones but should still tolerate -10C in a sheltered spot when established. Mahonia are easy to grow and thrive in full sun, semi-shade or even in the shade. Berries are somewhat sour fresh off the plant, but make excellent jellies and are attractive to birds. In most cases, seeds of the berries are rest as waste. It is the state flower of Oregon. Mahonia/ Barberry. Oregon grape root (Mahonia nervosa, M. aquifolium) - Buy Oregon Grape Root Extract at Mountain Rose Herbs; Triphala - an Ayurvedic formula; Anodyne Herbs. Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. This study was aimed to find out nutritional and functional properties of M. aquifolium seed, and its oil and also to determine whether they could take place or not in the human diet. ... Mahonia (Berberis) repens Creeping (Mahonia) Or. It is an evergreen shrub growing 1 m (3 ft) to 3 m (10 ft) tall by 1.5 m (5 ft) wide, with pinnate leaves consisting of spiny leaflets, and dense clusters of yellow flowers in early spring, followed by dark bluish-black berries. Mahonia aquifolium isolated on white background mahonia stock pictures, royalty-free photos & images. Take as a tincture, but not for long-term treatment as it can decrease Vitamin B absorption. It is an evergreen shrub growing 1 m (3 ft) to 3 m (10 ft) tall by 1.5 m (5 ft) wide, with pinnate leaves consisting of spiny leaflets, and dense clusters of yellow flowers in early spring, followed by dark bluish-black berries. Do birds eat mahonia berries? (Ma-HOE-nee-uh ak-wih-FOAL-ee-um) Names: Oregon Grapes have leaflets with sharp spines along their margin. The berries are edible, and rich in vitamin C, though with a very sharp flavor. Its growth habit can range from 3 to 15 feet tall, and spreading from 4 to 12 feet wide. (Mahonia aquifolium – photo by kind permission of Chrispook) M.confusa is another of the less hardy ones but should still tolerate -10C in a sheltered spot when established. I went back the next day to pick a small amount of berries to experiment making a dye. Mahonia nervosa (Pursh) Nutt. Names: Low Oregon Grape is also called Cascade Oregon Grape, Cascade Barberry, Dull Oregon Grape, Dwarf Oregon Grape or Longleaf Mahonia. Consider planting ‘Marvel’ and Oregon grape hollies (Mahonia aquifolium) in a location where you can enjoy visiting birds and pollinators. Scudder claimed it “is a blood maker” and a “blood cleanser” that promotes secretion and excretion. Tall Oregon grape has been known as Mahonia aquifolium for a long time, but from a taxonomic standpoint, based on genetic evidence, it ought to be merged into the genus Berberis. I've been walking past this bush of berries for the past few years and whilst flicking through Jenny Dean's book 'Wild Colour' I recognised them and learnt that they are called mahonia berries. The upright flower racemes are 3in long and appear in early to mid autumn followed by dark blue berries. In fact, it is listed as prohibited in my state of Alabama. Very tolerant of heat , cold and drought once established . Adding color and splendor to the shade garden, Mahonia aquifolium (Oregon Grape Holly) is a striking evergreen shrub with multi-season interest. Providing multi-season interest, Mahonia are evergreen shrubs grown for their attractive dark green foliage and clusters of cheerful, bright golden-yellow flowers. (1) Berberis Nervosa or Oregon Grape, a low growing shrub 4 - 12 inches high . Discussion. In early spring clusters of the lemon yellow flowers emerge from the central … The genus Mahonia has now been included in the genus Berberis , hence the accepted name for Oregon Grape is … Mahonia aquifolium berries are significant sources of anthocyanins and generally consumed fresh or processed such as juice or puree. Leatherleaf mahonia was brought to Europe from its home in China in the 1800s. These shrubs have leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets which resemble holly, small yellow flowers and blue-black berries. Name status. Arthur Menzies grows to 15 feet high and half as wide. They are closely related to the genus Berberis and botanists disagree on whether to recognize a separate Mahonia. Although edible, the plants contain berberine, a compound found in many Berberis and Mahonia species, which can cause vomiting, lowered blood pressure, reduced heart rate, lethargy, and other ill effects when consumed in large quantities. Mahonia aquifolium is knownby many different common names including Oregon grape, hollygrape or grapeholly. I've been walking past this bush of berries for the past few years and whilst flicking through Jenny Dean's book 'Wild Colour' I recognised them and learnt that they are called mahonia berries. Lightly fragrant, they attract pollinators before giving way to clusters of dark blue-purple, edible berries in late summer. Berberis aquifolium is the state flower of Oregon. They are followed by clusters of edible berries that are not particularly tasty when eaten fresh, but can be used to make jellies and preserves. Berries attract birds, especially in winter. • Contribution of phenolic and anthocyanins to antioxidant capacity were determined. This deciduous shrub is very common west of the Cascades with showy white flowers followed by red clusters of berries popular with wildlife. Once most of them mature, they’re ideal hosts for summer-flowering clematis. Grape. Mahonia aquifolium). Leatherleaf Mahonia (Mahonia bealei) A really choice broadleaf evergreen shrub for Arkansas is the leatherleaf mahonia (Mahonia bealei). Mahonia aquifolium fresh seeds, Oregon grape, Holly leaved berberry, Holly fruit vine, Fruit berry seeds, Yellow flowers, Organic seeds (lat. Available: N/A 30C‑30C 6X‑30X, 2C‑200C. Not only are the roots of the Oregon state flower prized for their therapeutic potential, but the tart, tannic berries are edible too! The berries are tart and contain seeds. This change has been adopted in the most recent edition of the Flora … including the popular ornamentals Chinese holly, English holly, and Japanese holly.Unfortunately, for those who live in chilly zone 5, few of these are hardy holly varieties. Oregon Grape Root (Mahonia aquifolium) Oregon grape root is a potent antibacterial herb, especially when combined with echinacea. 3 litre pot in stock (shipped within 3-5 working days) 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star 1 star ADD ... Ilex aquifolium 'Argentea Marginata' £34.99. This shrub's ability to tolerate many sites, and the fact that birds eat the berries, has allowed leatherleaf mahonia to naturalize in parts of the United States. Mahonia (Mahonia aquifolium) is a sturdy evergreen shrub that will enliven the winter landscape with bright yellow blooms and shiny serrated foliage that resembles holly. This evergreen plant is the smallest of our native Oregon grapes. Find images of Holly Leaf. They are sometimes consumed as jelly, wine. Many botanists prefer to classify Mahonia as a part of Berberis because several … Stems spineless, but little branched, spreading by underground suckers; bark grey-brown, glabrous. Mahonia’s are a evergreen shrub and from around late spring they produce long stalked bright yellow flowers followed by purple/black berries. Yellow flowers appear in late spring through early summer and are followed by blue berries. repens) 30 Nurseries Carry This Plant Add to My Plant List; Dwarf Mahonia (Berberis aquifolium var. Spring This native of western North America will provide color throughout all four seasons, producing cheery yellow flowers in spring, edible grapelike clusters of dark blue berries in late summer, and shiny green leaves … Berberis aquifolium or Mahonia aquifolium The story behind 'Charity' is also filled with intrigue. Oregon Grape (Mahonia aquifolium) A common woodland edible fruit, Oregon grapes have small purple fruits and holly-like leaves. Shrubs. Seeds … The reason Mahonia Aquifolium is referred to as Oregon Grape is because in the 1800’s the Mahonia Aquifolium was a food source and medicine along the Oregon trail, hence the popularity of the name. This is a fairly tall mahonia tree that may reach 6ft (1.8m) in height and 5ft (1.5m) in width.